# Frames, schemas and cognition

Canonical page: https://dominiklukes.net/topics/frames-and-cognition

Cognitive linguistics: frames, image schemas, conceptual blending and folk theories as models of how meaning works.

110 items, newest first.

- [Symbols and Manipulation](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/symbols-and-manipulation) (Writing, 2025)
- [Karpathy Thinks in Code](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/karpathy-thinks-in-code) (Writing, 2025)
- [Schemas and Propositions: What and where I've been writing and what's next](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2025-08-24-schemas-and-propositions-what-and-where-ive-been-writing-and-whats-ne) (Writing, 2025)
- [Why schemas matter](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/why-schemas-matter) (Writing, 2025)
- [Narrative vs Ruminative Sense making: The Mind Red in Tooth and Claw](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2023-08-05-narrative-vs-ruminative-sense-making-the-mind-red-in-tooth-and-claw) (Writing, 2023)
- [Unintentional Pygmalions: 4 questions to ask when checking an artificial entity for sentience and how to think about the answers](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2022-08-09-unintentional-pygmalions-4-questions-to-ask-when-checking-an-artifici) (Writing, 2022)
- [Learning is a Journey: Consequences of a metaphor](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2022-06-13-learning-is-a-journey-consequences-of-a-metaphor) (Writing, 2022)
- [World as a directly meaningful place: A comment on Ecological Psychology and the richness of human experience](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2021-11-14-world-as-a-directly-meaningful-place-a-comment-on-ecological-psycholo) (Writing, 2021)
- [Turing tests in Chinese rooms: What does it mean for AI to outperform humans](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2019-07-23-turing-tests-in-chinese-rooms-what-does-it-mean-for-ai-to-outperform-) (Writing, 2019)
- [Fruit loops and metaphors: Metaphors are not about explaining the abstract through concrete but about the dynamic process of negotiated sensemaking](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2019-07-14-fruit-loops-and-metaphors-metaphors-are-not-about-explaining-the-abst) (Writing, 2019)
- [5 kinds of understanding and metaphors: Missing pieces in pedagogical taxonomies](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2019-06-14-5-kinds-of-understanding-and-metaphors-missing-pieces-in-pedagogical-) (Writing, 2019)
- [3 burning issues in the study of metaphor](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2018-11-07-3-burning-issues-in-the-study-of-metaphor) (Writing, 2018)
- [Does machine learning produce mental representations?](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2018-05-28-does-machine-learning-produce-mental-representations) (Writing, 2018)
- [How to read ‘Women, Fire and Dangerous Things’: Guide to essential reading on human cognition](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2018-05-16-how-to-read-women-fire-and-dangerous-things-guide-to-essential-readin) (Writing, 2018)
- [Disruption and agency: Inherent freedoms, impatient earthworms and schemas of the ideal society…](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2016-01-26-disruption-and-agency-inherent-freedoms-impatient-earthworms-and-sche) (Writing, 2016)
- [Czech without aspect: Marrying functional schemas with functional representations](https://dominiklukes.net/speaking/czech-without-aspect-marrying-functional-schemas-with-functi-2015) (Talks, 2015)
- [What language looks like: Dictionary and grammar are to language what standing on one foot is to running](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2014-11-05-what-language-looks-like-dictionary-and-grammar-are-to-language-what-) (Writing, 2014)
- [What is not a metaphor: Modelling the world through language, thought, science, or action](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2014-03-04-what-is-not-a-metaphor-modelling-the-world-through-language-thought-s) (Writing, 2014)
- [Linguistics according to Fillmore](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2014-02-15-linguistics-according-to-fillmore) (Writing, 2014)
- [Sunsets, horizons and the language/mind/culture distinction](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2013-08-24-sunsets-horizons-and-the-languagemindculture-distinction) (Writing, 2013)
- [Frames, scripts, scenarios, models, spaces and other animals](https://dominiklukes.net/speaking/frames-scripts-scenarios-models-spaces-and-other-animals-2013) (Talks, 2013)
- [Framing and constructions as a bridge between cognition and culture: Two Abstracts for Cognitive Futures](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2013-01-26-framing-constructions-as-a-bridge-between-cognition-and-culture-two-a) (Writing, 2013)
- [Cliches, information and metaphors: Overcoming prejudice with metahor hacking and getting it back again](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2012-08-26-cliches-information-and-metaphors-overcoming-prejudice-with-metahor-h) (Writing, 2012)
- [The death of a memory: Missing metaphors of remembering and forgetting?](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2011-07-10-the-death-of-a-memory-missing-metaphors-of-remembering-and-forgetting) (Writing, 2011)
- [Religion, if it exists, is negotiation of underdetermined metaphoric cognition \[UPDATED\]](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2011-04-09-religion-if-it-exists-is-negotiation-of-underdetermined-metaphoric-co) (Writing, 2011)
- [The brain is a bad metaphor for language](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2011-03-11-the-brain-is-a-bad-metaphor-for-language) (Writing, 2011)
- [Mezi rohlíkem a Masarykem: O sémiotické nicotnosti a stavitelích významů](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/mezi-rohlikem-a-masarykem-o-semioticke-nicotnosti-a-stavitelich-vyznamu) (Writing, 2011)
- [Metaphor is my co-pilot: How the literal and metaphorical rely on the same type of knowledge](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2010-08-06-metaphor-is-my-co-pilot-how-the-literal-and-metaphorical-rely-on-the-) (Writing, 2010)
- [Hacking a metaphor in five steps](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2010-07-18-hacking-a-metaphor-in-five-steps) (Writing, 2010)
- [What it’s all About](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2010-07-18-what-its-all-about) (Writing, 2010)
- [O sémiotické nicotnosti](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/o-semioticke-nicotnosti) (Writing, 2010)
- [Markets, Local knowledge and Centralized Justice: Frame Negotiation in Educational Policy Discourse](https://dominiklukes.net/speaking/markets-local-knowledge-and-centralized-justice-frame-negoti-2008) (Talks, 2008)
- [Who's in charge?: Text, cognition, socialization and the freedom of spirit](https://dominiklukes.net/speaking/who-s-in-charge-text-cognition-socialization-and-the-freedom-2008) (Talks, 2008)
- [Inevitability of understanding: The folk theory](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2008-06-23-inevitability-of-understanding-the-folk-theory) (Writing, 2008)
- [Blending and framing by paradox](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2008-06-07-blending-and-framing-by-paradox) (Writing, 2008)
- [Finally! The truth about truth: Folk foundations of scientific reductionism](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2008-02-07-finally-the-truth-about-truth-folk-foundations-of-scientific-reductio) (Writing, 2008)
- [Primogeniture: Negotiating the internal 'logic' of social change](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2008-01-18-primogeniture-negotiating-the-internal-logic-of-social-change) (Writing, 2008)
- [Markets, Local knowledge and Centralized Justice: Frame Negotiation in Educational Policy Discourse](https://dominiklukes.net/research/markets-frame) (Research, 2008)
- [Review of Verena Haser, Metaphor, Metonymy and Experientialist Philosophy: Challenging Cognitive Semantics](https://dominiklukes.net/research/haser-review) (Research, 2008)
- [Who's in charge?: Text, cognition, socialization and the freedom of spirit](https://dominiklukes.net/research/whos-in-charge) (Research, 2008)
- [Collective cognition, culture, mind share and patterns of action](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-11-04-collective-cognition-culture-mind-share-and-patterns-of-action) (Writing, 2007)
- [Negotiating radial categories: Some mothers do have them](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-11-04-negotiating-radial-categories-some-mothers-do-have-them) (Writing, 2007)
- [Phallic imagery in English-language comedy and the theory of image schemas](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-11-03-phallic-imagery-in-english-language-comedy-and-the-theory-of-image-sc) (Writing, 2007)
- [Indeterminacy in art criticism as frame negotiation](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-10-13-indeterminacy-of-framing-in-art-criticism) (Writing, 2007)
- [Utility of prejudice: Reducing freedom to cognition and vice versa](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-10-10-utility-of-prejudice-reducing-freedom-to-cognition-and-vice-versa) (Writing, 2007)
- [Poetry in blogs and cognitive persistence](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-09-06-poetry-in-blogs-and-cognitive-persistence) (Writing, 2007)
- [Blurring the lines of folk and expert theory](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-08-23-blurring-the-lines-of-folk-and-expert-theory) (Writing, 2007)
- [Folk theories of conceptual causality and collective autonomy](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-08-20-folk-theories-of-conceptual-causality) (Writing, 2007)
- [Girl Wars, Boy Wars](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-08-18-girl-wars-boy-wars) (Writing, 2007)
- [Bi-furcated narrative frames in public policy debates](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-08-12-bi-furcated-narrative-frames-in-public-policy-debates) (Writing, 2007)
- [Discourse-level constructions and frame analysis of policy discourse: Case of evaluation of university teaching](https://dominiklukes.net/speaking/discourse-level-constructions-and-frame-analysis-of-policy-d-2007) (Talks, 2007)
- [Walking robots and local grammars](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-07-14-walking-robots-and-local-grammars) (Writing, 2007)
- [Wittgenstein and folk theories of language and intelligence](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-07-01-wittgenstein-and-folk-theories-of-language-and-intelligence) (Writing, 2007)
- [Mis-entrenchment of codified blendings](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-06-06-mis-entrenchment-of-codified-blendings) (Writing, 2007)
- [Unjustified blending and the threat of terrorism](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-06-03-unjustified-blending-and-the-threat-of-terrorism) (Writing, 2007)
- [Blending a life: Personal narratives of public events](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-04-26-blending-a-life-personal-narratives-of-public-events) (Writing, 2007)
- [Homicide attacks and the restrictions on mapping in blending](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-04-26-homicide-attacks-and-the-restrictions-on-mapping-in-blending) (Writing, 2007)
- [Framing the frames: The Gingrich gambit](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-04-04-framing-the-frames-the-gingrich-gambit) (Writing, 2007)
- [Text worlds, anaphora and syntactic structures as spandrels](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-03-23-text-worlds-anaphora-and-syntactic-structures-as-spandrels) (Writing, 2007)
- [McJobs, the Dictionary Wars and Folk Theories of Meaning](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-03-22-mcjobs-the-dictionary-wars-and-folk-theories-of-meaning) (Writing, 2007)
- [Negotiating metaphoric mappings in advertising](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-03-10-negotiating-metaphoric-mappings-in-advertising) (Writing, 2007)
- [Opportunistic blending, semantic prosody and framing in politics debate](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-03-10-opportunistic-blending-semantic-prosody-and-framing-in-politics) (Writing, 2007)
- [Frame negotiation through popular culture frame hypostasis](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-02-04-frame-negotiation-through-popular-culture-frame-hypostasis) (Writing, 2007)
- [Frame-relative assessments and globally warming terrorism](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-01-17-frame-relative-assessments-and-globally-warming-terrorism) (Writing, 2007)
- [Logic and conceptual frames](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2007-01-04-logic-and-conceptual-frames) (Writing, 2007)
- [Cognitive Linguistics in Critical Discourse Analysis — introduction](https://dominiklukes.net/research/cognitive-linguistics-in-critical-discourse-analysis) (Research, 2007)
- [Cognitive Linguistics in Critical Discourse Analysis: Application and Theory](https://dominiklukes.net/research/cogling-cda) (Research, 2007)
- [Discourse-level constructions and frame analysis of policy discourse: Case of evaluation of university teaching](https://dominiklukes.net/research/discourse-constructions) (Research, 2007)
- [Frame negotiation: From discourse strategies to conceptual structures](https://dominiklukes.net/research/frame-negotiation) (Research, 2007)
- [Hypostasis, schema negotiation and other dynamic phenomena in the “inventory of linguistic units”](https://dominiklukes.net/research/hypostasis) (Research, 2007)
- [Kognitivní dimenze diskurzu: Konstrukční gramatiky a pojmová integrace](https://dominiklukes.net/research/kognitivni-dimenze) (Research, 2007)
- [Image schemas blends and new technologies](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2006-12-03-image-schemas-blends-and-new-technologies) (Writing, 2006)
- [Images of cummulative causation and a theory of education](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2006-11-29-images-of-cummulative-causation-and-a-theory-of-education) (Writing, 2006)
- [On making sense of](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2006-11-29-on-making-sense-of) (Writing, 2006)
- [Of dicks and doves: Team America cognitive semireview](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2006-10-29-of-dicks-and-doves) (Writing, 2006)
- [Trouble in Ambridge: Optical illusions and hypostesized narratives](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2006-10-27-trouble-in-ambridge-optical-illusion-and-hypostesized-narratives) (Writing, 2006)
- [Cadences and harmonies of verbal and dramatic narratives](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2006-01-25-cadences-and-harmonies-of-verbal-and-dramatic-narratives) (Writing, 2006)
- [Multiple perspectives-models-stories in fiction and science](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2006-01-24-multiple-perspectives-models-stories-in-fiction-and-science) (Writing, 2006)
- [Semantic prosody of web design](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2006-01-17-semantic-prosody-of-web-design) (Writing, 2006)
- [Prejudice, shared meanings, local grammars and Google as a resource for research](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2006-01-16-prejudice-shared-meanings-local-grammars-and-google-as-a-resource-for) (Writing, 2006)
- [News reporting as a cognitive (speech) act](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2006-01-09-news-reporting-as-a-cognitive-speech-act) (Writing, 2006)
- [Urban Legends as examples of folk theories and cognitive models](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2006-01-09-urban-legends-as-examples-of-folk-theories-and-cognitive-models) (Writing, 2006)
- [Analogies and blends - new category old ideas](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2006-01-01-analogies-new-category-old-ideas) (Writing, 2006)
- [Doslov: O knize, jejím autorovi a kognitivní lingvistice](https://dominiklukes.net/research/lakoff-afterword) (Research, 2006)
- [James Phelan and Peter J. Rabinowitz (Eds): A Companion to Narrative Theory (review)](https://dominiklukes.net/research/phelan-review) (Research, 2006)
- [Ženy, oheň a nebezpečné věci: Co kategorie vypovídají o naší mysli](https://dominiklukes.net/research/lakoff-translation) (Research, 2006)
- [Towards a cognitive morphology of the folktale](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2005-12-29-towards-a-cognitive-morphology-of-the-folktale) (Writing, 2005)
- [Determinism and evidentiary value of belief based on personal experience](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2005-12-19-determinism-and-evidentiary-value-of-belief-based-on-personal-experie) (Writing, 2005)
- [Conceptual integration and the creation of news](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2005-12-08-conceptual-integration-and-the-creation-of-news) (Writing, 2005)
- [Navigating the 'human terrain' - Los Angeles Times](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2005-12-07-navigating-the-human-terrain-los-angeles-times) (Writing, 2005)
- [Authors and texts](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2005-12-04-authors-and-texts) (Writing, 2005)
- [Common sense vs.hypocrisy](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2005-12-04-common-sense-vshypocrisy) (Writing, 2005)
- [Identity and modularity](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2005-12-04-identity-and-modularity) (Writing, 2005)
- [Conceptual consequences](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2005-12-02-conceptual-consequences) (Writing, 2005)
- [On some mental representations of personal identity](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/2005-11-23-some-mental-representations-of-personal-identity) (Writing, 2005)
- [Cognitive grammar beyond the sentence: English and Czech discourse connectives in conceptual contrast](https://dominiklukes.net/research/cg-beyond-sentence) (Research, 2005)
- [From Cognitive to Pedagogic Grammar and Back: Linguists vs. Folk Models of Language and Learning](https://dominiklukes.net/research/cognitive-pedagogic) (Research, 2005)
- [Language and Knowledge: Against Modularity as a Viable Theory of Language and Mind](https://dominiklukes.net/research/language-knowledge) (Research, 2005)
- [Mark Turner, Literární mysl: O původu jazyka a myšlení](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/mark-turner-literarni-mysl-o-puvodu-jazyka-a-mysleni) (Writing, 2005)
- [Metaphors of causality and containment: A cognitive challenge to the social sciences](https://dominiklukes.net/research/causality-containment) (Research, 2005)
- [Nové myšlení o myšlení a o jazyce](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/nove-mysleni-o-mysleni-a-o-jazyce) (Writing, 2005)
- [Image Schemas in Second Language Learning and Instruction: A Case for a Multidisciplinary Approach](https://dominiklukes.net/research/image-schemas) (Research, 2004)
- [About Schemas and Propositions](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/about-schemas-and-propositions-substack) (Writing, undated)
- [Hermeneutic Heretic](https://dominiklukes.net/webs/hermeneutic-heretic) (Websites, undated)
- [MetaphorHacker](https://dominiklukes.net/webs/metaphorhacker) (Websites, undated)
- [Morální politika: co vědí konservativci a liberálové ne](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/moralni-politika-co-vedi-konservativci-a-liberalove-ne) (Writing, undated)
- [Naše pravdy: Kognitivní vědy a kulturně-politické spory](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/nase-pravdy-kognitivni-vedy-a-kulturne-politicke-spory) (Writing, undated)
- [O nesnášenlivosti jako kulturní slepotě](https://dominiklukes.net/writing/o-nesnasenlivosti-jako-kulturni-slepote) (Writing, undated)
- [Proposition Mapper](https://dominiklukes.net/apps/proposition-mapper) (Apps, undated)
- [Schemas & Propositions](https://dominiklukes.net/webs/schemas-and-propositions) (Websites, undated)

All topics: [Topics](https://dominiklukes.net/topics)