Everyone is a discourse analyst now: Multimodality and hypostasis
Submitted by Dominik Lukeš on Wed, 2009-01-21 16:38
What is the difference between a discourse analyst with training in linguistic methodology and a blogger or the reader of a blog? Discourse analysis relies on the human capacity to understand text but it is also embedded in the social practices of discussing and inferring the meaning from text. The following example of a simple computer-generated graphical representation of Obama's speech (courtesy of Wordle.net) in many ways does the job of half an academic paper. It presents the data and lets the reader infer meanings (particularly in comparison with other speeches). The key question is, how much more can an academic discourse analyst do? What more can be revealed? Of course, much more analytical work can be done on the text but the amount of effort, in my experience, brings increasingly diminishing returns. Simple counting of occurences without context and type of use is very inaccurate but can still present an accurate picture in aggregate. The key contribution of an analyst should be a look at what role these key words play in evoking frames, i.e. how meaning is created and how it is linked to its social context. This can still be done by any competent member of a particular discourse community. And, in fact, all discourse communities have members who specialise in this sort of work, be they journalists, bloggers or simply the person in the pub who muses on the paradoxes of speech. So the contribution made by an analyst is the perspective of somebody who is not part of the speech community or makes an effort to assume that point of view. This can only be done to a certain extent because any involvement with a text brings the interpreter at least partially into the speech community. But it is not entirely impossible. The question then remains as to the utility of such analysis? Often, it could be to the benefit of the speech community itself but more importantly it can contribute to our knowledge of how language works as a cognitive and social phenomenon. How exactly that could be is something to investigate.
Word Cloud Analysis of Obama's Inaugural Speech Compared to Bush, Clinton, Reagan, Lincoln's - ReadWriteWeb There were quite a few concepts discussed that we suspect haven't been a part of past inaugural speeches. What words were used most often? We ran the full text of the speech through tag cloud generator Wordle.net for one view of the event, and just for the sake of historical context we ran George W. Bush's second inaugural speech through as well. Update: After one reader suggested it, we've also added word clouds from Bill Clinton's second inaugural speech and Reagan's first below. Second update: By reader request, we've added Lincoln's first and second inaugural speeches as well.
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we can say that discourse
we can say that discourse analysis is one methodology that aims to break a speech earlier units by the relationships between them. Next question would be what are these units? If we start from the smallest units to the largest, we note the following: Audio, morpheme, word, sentence and discourse. So if we say that a discourse is a product structure to bring together two or more sentences and we have O1 = "The girl cried" O2 = "Dad's office." The speech will be "The girl cried.'s Father carried her," a discourse analyst can infer the following: "Detect is important because it serves as a mechanism of cohesion, ie, connect these sentences, and can be read as a narrative. This just described is one of the first approaches of discourse, whose name, Address as supraoracional level.
The second approach is the use of language and speech, this speech is studied in context and is conceived as the use of language and action units defined in terms of its implications for interaction between speaker and listener. In this approach the focus is on conversational analysis, pragmatics, since it takes into account the context and language use situated in the east. John Austin gives us important information within pragmatics, with everything related to speech acts, performative utterances, among others. A common situation is to negotiate meanings in interaction, for example: debt help "I would like to review these reports." The same we could put it this way "Could you review these reports?".
Moreover, a third approach is the speech as a way of signifying experience from a particular perspective, this approach highlights the discourse as practices that are the objects of which we speak, as beliefs, ideologies or images in propelling subjects. Thus, there are objects or themes that make speech possible, for example literacy, then this is demonstrated in his speech some kind of progress.
And fourth and last approach is the Discourse as social practice, where practice is seen as the normal way in which people use resources to act together in the world and that social life is made of practices, ie, routine activities this is the connection between abstract and concrete. The importance of this practice is to articulate the language along with other social elements such as non-discursive material respects, sequence of actions, identities, beliefs, etc..
Everyone is a discourse analyst now: Multimodality and hypostasis
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